PC机启动过程
当我们按下插座开关时，ATX电源副电源开始工作，输出5VSB(Standby Voltage)待机电压，给开机电路提供电源。当我们按下电脑机箱上的开机按钮时，主机板上的南桥开机电路输出一个低电平给ATX电源的16脚（绿色）。ATX电源主电源启动工作，输出多路电压。
当稳定后（此时间很短），ATX电源的8脚（灰色）输出一个PWR_OK信号，表示输出稳定，主机板可以安全的启动了。此时主机板开时启动，CPU 从BIOS里读取指令，执行，此过程称作POST（Power On Self Test）。POST主要检测硬件是否良好（如：内存，显卡等）。如果POST阶段不出问题，则BIOS找到第一启动设备（如硬盘），将控制权交与硬盘上 的MBR（Master Boot Record主引导记录）。MBR的组成可以参考维基百科。
MBR开始引导硬盘上的操作系统。我们的操作系统一般是放在硬盘上的，MBR负责将操作系统载入内存，然后操作系统会常驻内存。首先是启动内核（kernel），初始化各种设备，然后启动各种服务进程，进入登入界面，供使用者登入。
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